{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Exercise 6.3: Automating scatter plots\n",
    "\n",
    "<hr>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "We will soon use HoloViews to quickly make scatter plots. Nonetheless, I think coding up your own function to make scatter plots with coloring based on a column of a tidy data frame will help you understand how high level plotting works (and also allow you to practice manipulating data frames).\n",
    "\n",
    "**a)** Write a function that takes as input a tidy data frame and generates a scatter plot based on two columns of the data frame and colors the glyphs according to a third column that contains categorical variables. The minimal (you can add other kwargs if you want) call signature should be\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "scatter(data, cat, x, y)\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "**b)** Test out your function by using it to make a scatter plot of the adhesive force versus impact force from the frog tongue strike data set where you color the glyphs by the frog ID."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "<hr>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "    <div class=\"bk-root\">\n",
       "        <a href=\"https://bokeh.org\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"bk-logo bk-logo-small bk-logo-notebook\"></a>\n",
       "        <span id=\"1001\">Loading BokehJS ...</span>\n",
       "    </div>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "(function(root) {\n",
       "  function now() {\n",
       "    return new Date();\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  var force = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "  if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n",
       "    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n",
       "    root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  var JS_MIME_TYPE = 'application/javascript';\n",
       "  var HTML_MIME_TYPE = 'text/html';\n",
       "  var EXEC_MIME_TYPE = 'application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json';\n",
       "  var CLASS_NAME = 'output_bokeh rendered_html';\n",
       "\n",
       "  /**\n",
       "   * Render data to the DOM node\n",
       "   */\n",
       "  function render(props, node) {\n",
       "    var script = document.createElement(\"script\");\n",
       "    node.appendChild(script);\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  /**\n",
       "   * Handle when an output is cleared or removed\n",
       "   */\n",
       "  function handleClearOutput(event, handle) {\n",
       "    var cell = handle.cell;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = cell.output_area._bokeh_element_id;\n",
       "    var server_id = cell.output_area._bokeh_server_id;\n",
       "    // Clean up Bokeh references\n",
       "    if (id != null && id in Bokeh.index) {\n",
       "      Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n",
       "      delete Bokeh.index[id];\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (server_id !== undefined) {\n",
       "      // Clean up Bokeh references\n",
       "      var cmd = \"from bokeh.io.state import curstate; print(curstate().uuid_to_server['\" + server_id + \"'].get_sessions()[0].document.roots[0]._id)\";\n",
       "      cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd, {\n",
       "        iopub: {\n",
       "          output: function(msg) {\n",
       "            var id = msg.content.text.trim();\n",
       "            if (id in Bokeh.index) {\n",
       "              Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n",
       "              delete Bokeh.index[id];\n",
       "            }\n",
       "          }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "      });\n",
       "      // Destroy server and session\n",
       "      var cmd = \"import bokeh.io.notebook as ion; ion.destroy_server('\" + server_id + \"')\";\n",
       "      cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  /**\n",
       "   * Handle when a new output is added\n",
       "   */\n",
       "  function handleAddOutput(event, handle) {\n",
       "    var output_area = handle.output_area;\n",
       "    var output = handle.output;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // limit handleAddOutput to display_data with EXEC_MIME_TYPE content only\n",
       "    if ((output.output_type != \"display_data\") || (!output.data.hasOwnProperty(EXEC_MIME_TYPE))) {\n",
       "      return\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var toinsert = output_area.element.find(\".\" + CLASS_NAME.split(' ')[0]);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"] !== undefined) {\n",
       "      toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = output.data[JS_MIME_TYPE];\n",
       "      // store reference to embed id on output_area\n",
       "      output_area._bokeh_element_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"];\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"] !== undefined) {\n",
       "      var bk_div = document.createElement(\"div\");\n",
       "      bk_div.innerHTML = output.data[HTML_MIME_TYPE];\n",
       "      var script_attrs = bk_div.children[0].attributes;\n",
       "      for (var i = 0; i < script_attrs.length; i++) {\n",
       "        toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.setAttribute(script_attrs[i].name, script_attrs[i].value);\n",
       "        toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = bk_div.children[0].textContent\n",
       "      }\n",
       "      // store reference to server id on output_area\n",
       "      output_area._bokeh_server_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"];\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  function register_renderer(events, OutputArea) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    function append_mime(data, metadata, element) {\n",
       "      // create a DOM node to render to\n",
       "      var toinsert = this.create_output_subarea(\n",
       "        metadata,\n",
       "        CLASS_NAME,\n",
       "        EXEC_MIME_TYPE\n",
       "      );\n",
       "      this.keyboard_manager.register_events(toinsert);\n",
       "      // Render to node\n",
       "      var props = {data: data, metadata: metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE]};\n",
       "      render(props, toinsert[toinsert.length - 1]);\n",
       "      element.append(toinsert);\n",
       "      return toinsert\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* Handle when an output is cleared or removed */\n",
       "    events.on('clear_output.CodeCell', handleClearOutput);\n",
       "    events.on('delete.Cell', handleClearOutput);\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* Handle when a new output is added */\n",
       "    events.on('output_added.OutputArea', handleAddOutput);\n",
       "\n",
       "    /**\n",
       "     * Register the mime type and append_mime function with output_area\n",
       "     */\n",
       "    OutputArea.prototype.register_mime_type(EXEC_MIME_TYPE, append_mime, {\n",
       "      /* Is output safe? */\n",
       "      safe: true,\n",
       "      /* Index of renderer in `output_area.display_order` */\n",
       "      index: 0\n",
       "    });\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  // register the mime type if in Jupyter Notebook environment and previously unregistered\n",
       "  if (root.Jupyter !== undefined) {\n",
       "    var events = require('base/js/events');\n",
       "    var OutputArea = require('notebook/js/outputarea').OutputArea;\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (OutputArea.prototype.mime_types().indexOf(EXEC_MIME_TYPE) == -1) {\n",
       "      register_renderer(events, OutputArea);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  \n",
       "  if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n",
       "    root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n",
       "    root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  var NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n",
       "     \"<div style='background-color: #fdd'>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"<p>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n",
       "     \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"</p>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"<ul>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"<li>re-rerun `output_notebook()` to attempt to load from CDN again, or</li>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"<li>use INLINE resources instead, as so:</li>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"</ul>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"<code>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"</code>\\n\"+\n",
       "     \"</div>\"}};\n",
       "\n",
       "  function display_loaded() {\n",
       "    var el = document.getElementById(\"1001\");\n",
       "    if (el != null) {\n",
       "      el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
       "      if (el != null) {\n",
       "        el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n",
       "      }\n",
       "    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n",
       "      setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "  function run_callbacks() {\n",
       "    try {\n",
       "      root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n",
       "        if (callback != null)\n",
       "          callback();\n",
       "      });\n",
       "    } finally {\n",
       "      delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n",
       "    if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n",
       "    if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n",
       "\n",
       "    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n",
       "    if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n",
       "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n",
       "      return null;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n",
       "      run_callbacks();\n",
       "      return null;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n",
       "    root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n",
       "\n",
       "    function on_load() {\n",
       "      root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n",
       "      if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n",
       "        console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n",
       "        run_callbacks()\n",
       "      }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function on_error() {\n",
       "      console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n",
       "      var url = css_urls[i];\n",
       "      const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n",
       "      element.onload = on_load;\n",
       "      element.onerror = on_error;\n",
       "      element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n",
       "      element.type = \"text/css\";\n",
       "      element.href = url;\n",
       "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n",
       "      document.body.appendChild(element);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    const hashes = {\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.1.1.min.js\": \"kLr4fYcqcSpbuI95brIH3vnnYCquzzSxHPU6XGQCIkQRGJwhg0StNbj1eegrHs12\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.1.1.min.js\": \"xIGPmVtaOm+z0BqfSOMn4lOR6ciex448GIKG4eE61LsAvmGj48XcMQZtKcE/UXZe\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.1.1.min.js\": \"Dc9u1wF/0zApGIWoBbH77iWEHtdmkuYWG839Uzmv8y8yBLXebjO9ZnERsde5Ln/P\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-2.1.1.min.js\": \"cT9JaBz7GiRXdENrJLZNSC6eMNF3nh3fa5fTF51Svp+ukxPdwcU5kGXGPBgDCa2j\"};\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n",
       "      var url = js_urls[i];\n",
       "      var element = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "      element.onload = on_load;\n",
       "      element.onerror = on_error;\n",
       "      element.async = false;\n",
       "      element.src = url;\n",
       "      if (url in hashes) {\n",
       "        element.crossOrigin = \"anonymous\";\n",
       "        element.integrity = \"sha384-\" + hashes[url];\n",
       "      }\n",
       "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n",
       "      document.head.appendChild(element);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  };\n",
       "\n",
       "  function inject_raw_css(css) {\n",
       "    const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n",
       "    element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n",
       "    document.body.appendChild(element);\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  \n",
       "  var js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-2.1.1.min.js\"];\n",
       "  var css_urls = [];\n",
       "  \n",
       "\n",
       "  var inline_js = [\n",
       "    function(Bokeh) {\n",
       "      Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n",
       "    },\n",
       "    function(Bokeh) {\n",
       "    \n",
       "    \n",
       "    }\n",
       "  ];\n",
       "\n",
       "  function run_inline_js() {\n",
       "    \n",
       "    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n",
       "      \n",
       "    for (var i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n",
       "      inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (force === true) {\n",
       "        display_loaded();\n",
       "      }} else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n",
       "      setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n",
       "    } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n",
       "      console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n",
       "      root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n",
       "    } else if (force !== true) {\n",
       "      var cell = $(document.getElementById(\"1001\")).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n",
       "      cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n",
       "    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n",
       "    run_inline_js();\n",
       "  } else {\n",
       "    load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n",
       "      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n",
       "      run_inline_js();\n",
       "    });\n",
       "  }\n",
       "}(window));"
      ],
      "application/vnd.bokehjs_load.v0+json": "\n(function(root) {\n  function now() {\n    return new Date();\n  }\n\n  var force = true;\n\n  if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n    root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n  }\n\n  \n\n  \n  if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n    root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n    root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n  }\n\n  var NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n     \"<div style='background-color: #fdd'>\\n\"+\n     \"<p>\\n\"+\n     \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n     \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n     \"</p>\\n\"+\n     \"<ul>\\n\"+\n     \"<li>re-rerun `output_notebook()` to attempt to load from CDN again, or</li>\\n\"+\n     \"<li>use INLINE resources instead, as so:</li>\\n\"+\n     \"</ul>\\n\"+\n     \"<code>\\n\"+\n     \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n     \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n     \"</code>\\n\"+\n     \"</div>\"}};\n\n  function display_loaded() {\n    var el = document.getElementById(\"1001\");\n    if (el != null) {\n      el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n    }\n    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n      if (el != null) {\n        el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n      }\n    } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n      setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n    }\n  }\n\n\n  function run_callbacks() {\n    try {\n      root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n        if (callback != null)\n          callback();\n      });\n    } finally {\n      delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n    }\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n  }\n\n  function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n    if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n    if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n\n    root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n    if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n      run_callbacks();\n      return null;\n    }\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n    root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n\n    function on_load() {\n      root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n      if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n        console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n        run_callbacks()\n      }\n    }\n\n    function on_error() {\n      console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n    }\n\n    for (var i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n      var url = css_urls[i];\n      const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n      element.onload = on_load;\n      element.onerror = on_error;\n      element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n      element.type = \"text/css\";\n      element.href = url;\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n      document.body.appendChild(element);\n    }\n\n    const hashes = {\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.1.1.min.js\": \"kLr4fYcqcSpbuI95brIH3vnnYCquzzSxHPU6XGQCIkQRGJwhg0StNbj1eegrHs12\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.1.1.min.js\": \"xIGPmVtaOm+z0BqfSOMn4lOR6ciex448GIKG4eE61LsAvmGj48XcMQZtKcE/UXZe\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.1.1.min.js\": \"Dc9u1wF/0zApGIWoBbH77iWEHtdmkuYWG839Uzmv8y8yBLXebjO9ZnERsde5Ln/P\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-2.1.1.min.js\": \"cT9JaBz7GiRXdENrJLZNSC6eMNF3nh3fa5fTF51Svp+ukxPdwcU5kGXGPBgDCa2j\"};\n\n    for (var i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n      var url = js_urls[i];\n      var element = document.createElement('script');\n      element.onload = on_load;\n      element.onerror = on_error;\n      element.async = false;\n      element.src = url;\n      if (url in hashes) {\n        element.crossOrigin = \"anonymous\";\n        element.integrity = \"sha384-\" + hashes[url];\n      }\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n      document.head.appendChild(element);\n    }\n  };\n\n  function inject_raw_css(css) {\n    const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n    element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n    document.body.appendChild(element);\n  }\n\n  \n  var js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-2.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-2.1.1.min.js\"];\n  var css_urls = [];\n  \n\n  var inline_js = [\n    function(Bokeh) {\n      Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n    },\n    function(Bokeh) {\n    \n    \n    }\n  ];\n\n  function run_inline_js() {\n    \n    if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n      \n    for (var i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n      inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n    }\n    if (force === true) {\n        display_loaded();\n      }} else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n      setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n    } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n      console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n      root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n    } else if (force !== true) {\n      var cell = $(document.getElementById(\"1001\")).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n      cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n    }\n\n  }\n\n  if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n    console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n    run_inline_js();\n  } else {\n    load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n      console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n      run_inline_js();\n    });\n  }\n}(window));"
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "import bokeh_catplot\n",
    "import colorcet\n",
    "\n",
    "import bokeh.io\n",
    "import bokeh.plotting\n",
    "\n",
    "bokeh.io.output_notebook()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**a)** I will offer some more kwargs, as described in the doc string below. I will demonstrate the use of this function in the next problem."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def scatter(\n",
    "    data=None,\n",
    "    cat=None,\n",
    "    x=None,\n",
    "    y=None,\n",
    "    p=None,\n",
    "    palette=None,\n",
    "    show_legend=True,\n",
    "    click_policy=\"hide\",\n",
    "    marker_kwargs={},\n",
    "    **kwargs,\n",
    "):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Parameters\n",
    "    ----------\n",
    "    df : Pandas DataFrame\n",
    "        DataFrame containing tidy data for plotting.\n",
    "    cat : hashable\n",
    "        Name of column to use as categorical variable.\n",
    "    x : hashable\n",
    "        Name of column to use as x-axis.\n",
    "    y : hashable\n",
    "        Name of column to use as y-axis.\n",
    "    p : bokeh.plotting.Figure instance, or None (default)\n",
    "        If None, create a new figure. Otherwise, populate the existing\n",
    "        figure `p`.\n",
    "    palette : list of strings of hex colors, or single hex string\n",
    "        If a list, color palette to use. If a single string representing\n",
    "        a hex color, all glyphs are colored with that color. Default is\n",
    "        the Glasbey Catagory 10.\n",
    "    show_legend : bool, default False\n",
    "        If True, show legend.\n",
    "    tooltips : list of 2-tuples\n",
    "        Specification for tooltips as per Bokeh specifications. For\n",
    "        example, if we want `col1` and `col2` tooltips, we can use\n",
    "        `tooltips=[('label 1': '@col1'), ('label 2': '@col2')]`. Ignored\n",
    "        if `formal` is True.\n",
    "    show_legend : bool, default False\n",
    "        If True, show a legend.\n",
    "    click_policy : str, default \"hide\"\n",
    "        How to display points when their legend entry is clicked.\n",
    "    marker_kwargs : dict\n",
    "        kwargs to be passed to `p.circle()` when making the scatter plot.\n",
    "    kwargs\n",
    "        Any kwargs to be passed to `bokeh.plotting.figure()` when making \n",
    "        the plot.\n",
    "\n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "    -------\n",
    "    output : bokeh.plotting.Figure instance\n",
    "        Plot populated with jitter plot or box plot.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    # Automatically name the axes\n",
    "    if \"x_axis_label\" not in kwargs:\n",
    "        kwargs[\"x_axis_label\"] = x\n",
    "    if \"y_axis_label\" not in kwargs:\n",
    "        kwargs[\"y_axis_label\"] = y\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Default palette\n",
    "    if palette is None:\n",
    "        palette = colorcet.b_glasbey_category10\n",
    "    elif type(palette) == str:\n",
    "        palette = [palette]\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Instantiate figure\n",
    "    if p is None:\n",
    "        p = bokeh.plotting.figure(**kwargs)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Build plot (not using color factors) to enable click policies\n",
    "    for i, (name, g) in enumerate(data.groupby(cat, sort=False)):\n",
    "        marker_kwargs[\"color\"] = palette[i % len(palette)]\n",
    "        marker_kwargs[\"legend_label\"] = str(name)\n",
    "        p.circle(source=g, x=x, y=y, **marker_kwargs)\n",
    "\n",
    "    if show_legend:\n",
    "        p.legend.click_policy = click_policy\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        p.legend.visible = False\n",
    "\n",
    "    return p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**b)** We will test this function out on the frog tongue adhesion data, coloring by frog ID."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <div class=\"bk-root\" id=\"4825b6f2-4086-4e4a-80d9-8d127f42fa1f\" data-root-id=\"1002\"></div>\n"
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(N-s)\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"pHA9Ctej2L83iUFg5dDSvz81XrpJDNK/w/UoXI/C1b/azvdT46Xbv1pkO99Pjae/5dAi2/l+2r+TGARWDi2yv/yp8dJNYoC/Gy/dJAaBtb+Nl24Sg8DKvylcj8L1KKy/OrTIdr6fmr+F61G4HoXLv2mR7Xw/Nb6/IbByaJHtzL82XrpJDALLv6RwPQrXo9C/yqFFtvP91L9g5dAi2/m+vw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"adhesive strength (Pa)\":[-1881,-1177,-1894,-2301,-2004,-7802,-803,-2860,-678,-4506,-942,-17652,-1101,-3014,-1860,-2757,-1927,-2129,-4925,-4573],\"contact area with mucus / contact area without mucus\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"uB6F61G47j/NzMzMzMzsP65H4XoUruc/UrgehetR6D8UrkfhehTuPwrXo3A9Cuc/zczMzMzM7D8K16NwPQrnPwAAAAAAAPA/CtejcD0K7z8K16NwPQrvP7gehetRuJ4/AAAAAAAA8D9SuB6F61HoPwAAAAAAAPA/AAAAAAAA8D/2KFyPwvXgP3E9CtejcOU/UrgehetR2D9mZmZmZmbmPw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"contact area without mucus (mm2)\":[15,24,34,26,16,24,33,67,0,4,8,28,0,46,0,0,89,72,106,43],\"contact pressure (Pa)\":[4633,2441,2517,8893,1959,18073,1627,2600,10645,2367,2972,9279,3647,1288,4213,2369,2302,1737,2665,5149],\"date\":[\"2013_03_19\",\"2013_03_19\",\"2013_03_19\",\"2013_03_19\",\"2013_03_21\",\"2013_03_21\",\"2013_03_21\",\"2013_03_21\",\"2013_03_25\",\"2013_03_25\",\"2013_03_25\",\"2013_03_25\",\"2013_03_28\",\"2013_03_28\",\"2013_04_03\",\"2013_04_03\",\"2013_04_08\",\"2013_04_08\",\"2013_04_08\",\"2013_04_12\"],\"impact force (mN)\":[1612,605,327,946,541,1539,529,628,1453,297,703,269,751,245,1182,515,435,383,457,730],\"impact force / body weight\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"UrgehetRDkC4HoXrUbj2P6RwPQrXo+g/16NwPQrXAUBSuB6F61H0P/YoXI/C9QxA16NwPQrX8z+uR+F6FK73P1yPwvUoXAtAZmZmZmZm5j9mZmZmZmb6Pylcj8L1KOQ/UrgehetR/D+PwvUoXI/iPz0K16NwPQZAXI/C9Shc8z9SuB6F61HwP83MzMzMzOw/SOF6FK5H8T+F61G4HoX7Pw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"impact time (ms)\":[18,55,51,59,33,43,28,31,72,42,33,57,39,21,28,29,26,31,15,42],\"index\":[20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39],\"time frog pulls on target (ms)\":[3087,1261,1508,1841,3126,741,2482,998,1652,936,2152,189,1195,1466,1197,1486,1017,974,780,786],\"total contact area (mm2)\":[348,248,130,106,276,85,325,242,136,126,237,29,206,190,281,217,189,221,171,142],\"trial number\":[1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,1,2,1,2,3,1]},\"selected\":{\"id\":\"1064\"},\"selection_policy\":{\"id\":\"1065\"}},\"id\":\"1050\",\"type\":\"ColumnDataSource\"},{\"attributes\":{\"fill_color\":{\"value\":\"#d62628\"},\"line_color\":{\"value\":\"#d62628\"},\"x\":{\"field\":\"impact force (mN)\"},\"y\":{\"field\":\"adhesive force (mN)\"}},\"id\":\"1090\",\"type\":\"Circle\"},{\"attributes\":{\"data\":{\"ID\":[\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\",\"I\"],\"adhesive force (mN)\":[-785,-983,-850,-455,-974,-592,-512,-804,-690,-462,-766,-715,-613,-677,-528,-452,-430,-652,-692,-536],\"adhesive force / body weight\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"UrgehetR9D9xPQrXo3D5P+xRuB6F6/U/rkfhehSu5z8fhetRuB75P7gehetRuO4/j8L1KFyP6j/NzMzMzMz0P+xRuB6F6/E/AAAAAAAA6D/Xo3A9CtfzP2ZmZmZmZvI/rkfhehSu7z9xPQrXo3DxPzMzMzMzM+s/XI/C9Shc5z9mZmZmZmbmP83MzMzMzPA/7FG4HoXr8T/Xo3A9CtfrPw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"adhesive impulse (N-s)\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"j8L1KFyP0r9fukkMAivHv39qvHSTGMS/w/UoXI/Cxb/fT42XbhLbv7tJDAIrh8a/PQrXo3A90r89CtejcD3Sv2Q730+Nl86/yqFFtvP91L9SuB6F61HYv99PjZduEtO/+n5qvHST6L9zaJHtfD/dv2Q730+Nl9a//tR46SYx0L9Ei2zn+6nRv6abxCCwctC/fT81XrpJ1L+mm8QgsHLYvw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"adhesive strength (Pa)\":[-2030,-9695,-10239,-1381,-3975,-1737,-1427,-3266,-2568,-1733,-1879,-5064,-1348,-3636,-3453,-1557,-1677,-4425,-1901,-2073],\"contact area with mucus / contact area without mucus\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"PQrXo3A96j/sUbgeheuxP5qZmZmZmak/pHA9Ctej4D+4HoXrUbi+PxSuR+F6FOY/FK5H4XoU5j/sUbgehevRP8P1KFyPwsU/w/UoXI/C1T9xPQrXo3DtP+F6FK5H4co/mpmZmZmZ6T/Xo3A9CtfTP7gehetRuJ4/exSuR+F65D+kcD0K16PgPwrXo3A9Crc/7FG4HoXr0T9mZmZmZmbWPw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"contact area without mucus (mm2)\":[70,94,79,158,216,106,110,178,224,176,33,112,92,129,148,105,124,134,260,168],\"contact pressure (Pa)\":[3117,24923,21020,4718,2012,6676,1550,7832,9824,7122,4638,10947,2874,9089,10095,4419,3019,13784,3406,1830],\"date\":[\"2013_02_26\",\"2013_02_26\",\"2013_03_01\",\"2013_03_01\",\"2013_03_01\",\"2013_03_01\",\"2013_03_05\",\"2013_03_05\",\"2013_03_05\",\"2013_03_05\",\"2013_03_12\",\"2013_03_12\",\"2013_03_12\",\"2013_03_12\",\"2013_03_12\",\"2013_03_15\",\"2013_03_15\",\"2013_03_15\",\"2013_03_15\",\"2013_03_15\"],\"impact force (mN)\":[1205,2527,1745,1556,493,2276,556,1928,2641,1897,1891,1545,1307,1692,1543,1282,775,2032,1240,473],\"impact force / body weight\":{\"__ndarray__\":\"MzMzMzMz/z9SuB6F61EQQI/C9ShcjwZAFK5H4XoUBECamZmZmZnpP3E9CtejcA1AzczMzMzM7D/hehSuR+EIQBSuR+F6FBFAexSuR+F6CEB7FK5H4XoIQAAAAAAAAARA4XoUrkfhAEDXo3A9CtcFQOxRuB6F6wNAj8L1KFyPAEAAAAAAAAD0Pz0K16NwPQpAAAAAAAAAAEBSuB6F61HoPw==\",\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\",\"shape\":[20]},\"impact time (ms)\":[46,44,34,41,36,31,43,46,50,41,40,48,29,31,38,31,34,60,34,40],\"index\":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19],\"time frog pulls on target (ms)\":[884,248,211,1025,499,969,835,508,491,839,1069,649,1845,917,750,785,837,486,906,1218],\"total contact area (mm2)\":[387,101,83,330,245,341,359,246,269,266,408,141,455,186,153,290,257,147,364,259],\"trial number\":[3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5]},\"selected\":{\"id\":\"1045\"},\"selection_policy\":{\"id\":\"1046\"}},\"id\":\"1033\",\"type\":\"ColumnDataSource\"},{\"attributes\":{},\"id\":\"1003\",\"type\":\"DataRange1d\"}],\"root_ids\":[\"1002\"]},\"title\":\"Bokeh Application\",\"version\":\"2.1.1\"}};\n",
       "  var render_items = [{\"docid\":\"85418d1b-ac54-4665-a354-19786f7ea913\",\"root_ids\":[\"1002\"],\"roots\":{\"1002\":\"4825b6f2-4086-4e4a-80d9-8d127f42fa1f\"}}];\n",
       "  root.Bokeh.embed.embed_items_notebook(docs_json, render_items);\n",
       "\n",
       "  }\n",
       "  if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
       "    embed_document(root);\n",
       "  } else {\n",
       "    var attempts = 0;\n",
       "    var timer = setInterval(function(root) {\n",
       "      if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n",
       "        clearInterval(timer);\n",
       "        embed_document(root);\n",
       "      } else {\n",
       "        attempts++;\n",
       "        if (attempts > 100) {\n",
       "          clearInterval(timer);\n",
       "          console.log(\"Bokeh: ERROR: Unable to run BokehJS code because BokehJS library is missing\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "      }\n",
       "    }, 10, root)\n",
       "  }\n",
       "})(window);"
      ],
      "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": ""
     },
     "metadata": {
      "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": {
       "id": "1002"
      }
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv('data/frog_tongue_adhesion.csv', comment='#')\n",
    "\n",
    "p = scatter(\n",
    "    data=df,\n",
    "    cat='ID',\n",
    "    x='impact force (mN)',\n",
    "    y='adhesive force (mN)',\n",
    "    frame_height=350,\n",
    "    frame_width=450\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "bokeh.io.show(p)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Looks good!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Computing environment"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "CPython 3.7.7\n",
      "IPython 7.16.1\n",
      "\n",
      "pandas 0.24.2\n",
      "bokeh 2.1.1\n",
      "bokeh_catplot 0.1.8\n",
      "jupyterlab 2.1.5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%load_ext watermark\n",
    "%watermark -v -p pandas,bokeh,bokeh_catplot,jupyterlab"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "anaconda-cloud": {},
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.7"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}