{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Lesson 0: Configuring your computer\n", "\n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "In this lesson, you will set up a Python computing environment for scientific computing. There are two main ways people set up Python for scientific computing on their own machine.\n", "\n", "1. By downloading and installing package by package with tools like [apt-get](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto), [pip](https://docs.python.org/3/installing/), etc.\n", "2. By downloading and installing a Python distribution that contains binaries of many of the scientific packages needed. One widely used distribution is from [Anaconda](https://www.anaconda.com).\n", "\n", "In this class, we will use Anaconda, with its associated package manager, `conda`. It has become the de facto package manager/distribution for scientific use." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Why install on my own machine?\n", "\n", "We toyed with using [Google Colab](http://colab.research.google.com/) for the bootcamp, and we may in fact encourage you to use it when you are working on exercises. This offers many advantages.\n", "\n", "1. You get a dedicated powerful machine that is part of Google's cloud resources for your computing.\n", "2. Most of what you need is pre-installed.\n", "3. You can easily share the notebook with collaborators in near-real time.\n", "4. It is free!\n", "5. There are many more advanced features that are not covered in the bootcamp, such as easy GPU computing.\n", "\n", "We chose not to do this for several reasons, the first being the most important.\n", "\n", "1. It is important that you learn how to set up your own machine, including using the command line.\n", "2. If you want to control physical devices, you need to be running on a local machine.\n", "3. Unless you have a pro account (not free), your Colab instance will shut down after a period of latency.\n", "4. It is not as easy to integrate into your own software development pipeline.\n", "5. Along those same lines, it is not as easy to install custom software, or software that you write, using Colab as it is on your own machine.\n", "\n", "You may also want to use other cloud computing resources like [AWS](https://aws.amazon.com), [Microsoft Azure](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/), or [Caltech's HPC](https://www.hpc.caltech.edu). We are not using those because we do not need more computing power than is available on a standard laptop. Furthermore, setting up your own machine will help prepare you for setting up instances on those services.\n", "\n", "Before we get rolling with the Anaconda distribution on your own machine, we have some considerations and installations to get out of the way first." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## macOS users: Install Command Line Tools\n", "\n", "If you are using macOS, you should install Command Line Tools. This is a set of utilities, such as compilers and (most importantly for this bootcamp) [Git](https://git-scm.com). You could install it along with the very bloated software [XCode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/), but we will not do that to save on the ≈35 GB of disk space that XCode will consume.\n", "\n", "To install Command Line Tools, open the Terminal application. It is typically in the `/Applications/Utilities` folder. Otherwise, hit `⌘-space bar` and type `terminal` in the search box, and select the Terminal Application. Once you have a prompt in the Terminal application, type\n", "\n", " xcode-select --install\n", "\n", "and hit enter. You will be prompted for the installation, and you should go ahead with it. It may take several minutes for the installation to complete." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Windows users: Install Git and Chrome or Firefox\n", "\n", "We will be using [JupyterLab](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) in the bootcamp. It is browser-based, and Chrome, Firefox, and Safari are supported. Microsoft Edge is **not**. Therefore, if you are a Windows user, you need to be sure you have either Chrome of Firefox installed.\n", "\n", "You also need to install Git. You can do this by following the instructions [here](https://gitforwindows.org)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Downloading and installing Anaconda\n", "\n", "Downloading and installing Anaconda is simple. \n", "\n", "1. Go to the [Anaconda's download page](https://www.anaconda.com/download) and click the Download button.\n", "2. Follow the on-screen instructions for installation. While doing so, be sure that Anaconda is installed in your home directory (which is the default), not in root.\n", "\n", "That's it! After you do that, you will have a functioning Python distribution." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Installing node.js\n", "\n", "node.js is a platform that enables you to run JavaScript outside of the browser. We will not use it directly, but it needs to be installed for some of the more sophisticated JupyterLab functionality. Install node.js by following the instructions [here](https://nodejs.dev)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Setting up a conda environment\n", "\n", "As we will discuss in a [future lesson on packages](l10_packages_and_modules.ipynb), it is important to organize your packages using a **package manager**. We will be using [Conda](https://docs.conda.io/), which is included in Anaconda. For convenience (and as I highly recommend) one can set up a conda **environment** which has all of the packages you need to a specific tasks (and seldom more than what you need). I have made such a package for this bootcamp.\n", "\n", "To set up the bootcamp conda environment, first, download the YML specification for the environment:\n", "\n", "> [Download bootcamp.yml](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/justinbois/bootcamp/gh-pages/2023/_static/bootcamp.yml)\n", "\n", "Now, launch the **Anaconda Navigator**, which should be installed with Anaconda. If you are using macOS, Anaconda Navigator will be available in your `Applications` menu. If you are using Windows, you can launch Anaconda Navigator from the Start menu.\n", "\n", "When the Navigator window opens, select `Environments` on the left menu pane. Upon selecting `Environments`, you will see a pane immediately to the right of the `Home`/`Environments`/`Learning`/`Community` pane with a `Search Environments` window at the top. At the bottom of that pane, click `Import`. In the window that pops up, click on the folder icon under `Local drive`. Find the `bootcamp.yml` file you just downloaded. Click `Import`. It may take some time for the environment to be imported and built." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Launching JupyterLab and a terminal\n", "\n", "We will be using JupyterLab throughout the bootcamp (more on that in [Lesson 1](l01_welcome.ipynb)). You can alternatively launch JupyterLab via the Anaconda Navigator or via your operating system's terminal program (Terminal on macOS and PowerShell on Windows). If you wish to launch using the latter, skip to the next section.\n", "\n", "In the Anaconda Navigator, click `Home` on the left pane. To the right, you will have a pane from which you can launch JupyterLab. On the top of the right pane, you will see two pulldown menus separated by the word \"on.\" Be sure you select `bootcamp` on the right pulldown menu. This ensures that you are using the bootcamp environment you just set up. \n", "\n", "
\n", "\n", "You need to make sure you are using the bootcamp environment whenever you launch JupyterLab during the bootcamp.\n", " \n", "
\n", "\n", "You should be a card for JupyterLab. Do not confuse this with Notebook; you want to launch JupyterLab. Click `Launch` on the JupyterLab card. This will launch JupyterLab in your default browser.\n", "\n", "Within the JupyterLab window in your browser, you will have the option to launch a notebook, a console, a terminal, or a text editor. We will use all of these during the bootcamp. For the updating and installation of necessary packages, click on `Terminal` to launch a terminal. You will get a terminal window (probably black) with a bash prompt. We refer to this text interface in the terminal as the **command line**. You can alternatively use Terminal for macOS or PowerShell for Windows for interfacing with the command line, but many students find it convenient to do so via JupyterLab." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Launching JupyterLab from the command line\n", "\n", "While launching JupyterLab from the Anaconda Navigator is fine, I generally prefer to launch it from the command line on my own machine. If you are on a Mac, open the `Terminal` program. You can do this hitting `Command + space bar` and searching for \"terminal.\" Using Windows, you should launch PowerShell. You can do this by hitting `Windows + R` and typing `powershell` in the text box.\n", "\n", "Once you have a terminal or PowerShell window open, you will have a prompt. At the prompt, type\n", "\n", " conda activate bootcamp\n", " \n", "This will ensure you are using the bootcamp environment you just created.\n", "\n", "\n", "
\n", "\n", "You need to make sure you are using the bootcamp environment whenever you launch JupyterLab during the bootcamp, so you should do `conda activate bootcamp` each time you open a terminal.\n", " \n", "
\n", "\n", "Now that you have activated the bootcamp environment, you can launch JupyterLab by typing\n", "\n", " jupyter lab\n", " \n", "on the command line. You will have an instance of JupyterLab running in your default browser. If you want to specify the browser, you can, for example, type\n", "\n", " jupyter lab --browser=firefox\n", " \n", "on the command line.\n", "\n", "It is up to you if you want to launch JupyterLab from the Anaconda Navigator or command line." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Setting up Git\n", "\n", "Git features heavily in the bootcamp. We use it for **version control** and also for sharing files, data, and code we will use in the bootcamp." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Set up a GitHub account\n", "\n", "Go to [http://github.com/](http://github.com/) to get an account. You should register with your academic email address so you get free private repositories as academics. You should also think carefully about picking your user name. There is a good chance other people in your professional life will see this." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Set up your token\n", "\n", "You will need to set up a token to be used to access GitHub via the command line. To do so, complete [these instructions](https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/creating-a-personal-access-token)." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Forking the bootcamp repository\n", "\n", "Let's say you want to do some work on a project with code stored in a **repository**, but you are not an active collaborator. For example, there could be a useful package a lab at another university put on GitHub for a certain kind of image segmentation that is useful for your research. You want to do something *almost* exactly like the package does, but need to make some small modifications yourself. You want to clone the repository and add a couple functions and maybe modify one or two they already have, leaving much of the rest of the repository untouched. Of course, you also want to update your local copy of all that untouched (but still used) code when the maintainers update it.\n", "\n", "This is kind of exactly what you want to do here in the bootcamp. We have a repository that has data sets and a couple tutorials, but you want to write your Python code right in that repository. If I update the data sets, you want to be able to pull in my changes, but still have your code in place.\n", "\n", "There is a nice way to do this called **forking**. To fork a repository on GitHub, simply navigate got the website of the repository and click the Fork button. Be sure you are logged in as yourself when you do this. Click [this link](https://github.com/justinbois/bootcamp/) to go to the GitHub page for the bootcamp.\n", "\n", "
\n", "\n", "![Bootcamp github page](bootcamp_github_page.png)\n", " \n", "
\n", "\n", "The fork button is in the upper right. Just click the button, and you now have a **fork** of the bootcamp repository on your GitHub account." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "tags": [ "hide-input" ] }, "source": [ "### Cloning your fork to your local machine\n", "\n", "Now you can clone your fork of the repository to your local machine. We will keep all of your material under version control in a directory called `git` in your home directory. Do the following on the command line.\n", "\n", " mkdir -p ~/git\n", " \n", "Now you can clone *your forked copy of the repository* (not the original `bootcamp` repository). To do this, navigate your browser to the forked copy of the `bootcamp` repository on your account (this is where clicking the \"Fork\" button took you in your browser). The browser URL will be: `https://github.com/yourusername/bootcamp`, and the top left of the website will say \"`yourusername/bootcamp` forked from `justinbois/bootcamp`,\" like below for user `cgoecknerwald`.\n", "\n", "
\n", "\n", "![fork icon](fork_icon.png)\n", " \n", "
\n", "\n", "Click the green `Code` button (shown below) and copy the URL of the forked repository. \n", "\n", "
\n", "\n", "![GitHub clone](github_clone.png)\n", " \n", "
\n", "\n", "\n", "Now, you can clone it by doing the following on the command line, making the obvious substitution for `the_url_you_just_copied`.\n", " \n", " cd ~/git\n", " git clone --depth 5 the_url_you_just_copied\n", " \n", "You now have a local copy of your own fork of the bootcamp repository. You can add files and edit it. When you commit and push, it will all be on your account, and the original repository will not see the changes. (Don't worry if you do not understand all of this now; we will cover it all in subsequent lessons.)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Syncing your forked repository to the upstream repository\n", "\n", "As I mentioned before, you want to be able to sync your repository with the original `bootcamp` repository so you can retrieve any updates in it. The original repository is typically called the **upstream repository**, since presumably you are changing it, so you are downstream. You want the upstream repository to be a **remote** repository, which is just what we call a repository we track and fetch and merge from. To see which repositories are remote, do the following on the command line.\n", "\n", " cd bootcamp\n", " git remote -v\n", "\n", "The `-v` just means \"verbose,\" so it will also tell you the URLs. Entering that now will show a single repository, `origin`, which you can fetch from and push to. In your case, `origin` your fork of the bootcamp repository.\n", "\n", "We now want to add the upstream repository. To do this, add the **original** bootcamp repository as the upstream repository.\n", "\n", " git remote add upstream https://github.com/justinbois/bootcamp.git\n", "\n", "Now try doing `git remote -v`, and you will see that you are now also tracking the upstream repository." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Checking your distribution\n", "\n", "We'll now run a quick test to make sure things are working properly. We will make a quick plot that requires some of the scientific libraries we will use in the bootcamp.\n", "\n", "Use the JupyterLab launcher (you can get a new launcher by clicking on the `+` icon on the left pane of your JupyterLab window) to launch a notebook. In the first cell (the box next to the `[ ]:` prompt), paste the code below. To run the code, press `Shift+Enter` while the cursor is active inside the cell. You should see a plot that looks like the one below. If you do, you have a functioning Python environment for scientific computing!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/html": [ "\n", "
\n", " \n", " Loading BokehJS ...\n", "
\n" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "application/javascript": [ "(function(root) {\n", " function now() {\n", " return new Date();\n", " }\n", "\n", " const force = true;\n", "\n", " if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n", " root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n", " root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n", " }\n", "\n", "const JS_MIME_TYPE = 'application/javascript';\n", " const HTML_MIME_TYPE = 'text/html';\n", " const EXEC_MIME_TYPE = 'application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json';\n", " const CLASS_NAME = 'output_bokeh rendered_html';\n", "\n", " /**\n", " * Render data to the DOM node\n", " */\n", " function render(props, node) {\n", " const script = document.createElement(\"script\");\n", " node.appendChild(script);\n", " }\n", "\n", " /**\n", " * Handle when an output is cleared or removed\n", " */\n", " function handleClearOutput(event, handle) {\n", " const cell = handle.cell;\n", "\n", " const id = cell.output_area._bokeh_element_id;\n", " const server_id = cell.output_area._bokeh_server_id;\n", " // Clean up Bokeh references\n", " if (id != null && id in Bokeh.index) {\n", " Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n", " delete Bokeh.index[id];\n", " }\n", "\n", " if (server_id !== undefined) {\n", " // Clean up Bokeh references\n", " const cmd_clean = \"from bokeh.io.state import curstate; print(curstate().uuid_to_server['\" + server_id + \"'].get_sessions()[0].document.roots[0]._id)\";\n", " cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd_clean, {\n", " iopub: {\n", " output: function(msg) {\n", " const id = msg.content.text.trim();\n", " if (id in Bokeh.index) {\n", " Bokeh.index[id].model.document.clear();\n", " delete Bokeh.index[id];\n", " }\n", " }\n", " }\n", " });\n", " // Destroy server and session\n", " const cmd_destroy = \"import bokeh.io.notebook as ion; ion.destroy_server('\" + server_id + \"')\";\n", " cell.notebook.kernel.execute(cmd_destroy);\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " /**\n", " * Handle when a new output is added\n", " */\n", " function handleAddOutput(event, handle) {\n", " const output_area = handle.output_area;\n", " const output = handle.output;\n", "\n", " // limit handleAddOutput to display_data with EXEC_MIME_TYPE content only\n", " if ((output.output_type != \"display_data\") || (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(output.data, EXEC_MIME_TYPE))) {\n", " return\n", " }\n", "\n", " const toinsert = output_area.element.find(\".\" + CLASS_NAME.split(' ')[0]);\n", "\n", " if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"] !== undefined) {\n", " toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = output.data[JS_MIME_TYPE];\n", " // store reference to embed id on output_area\n", " output_area._bokeh_element_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"id\"];\n", " }\n", " if (output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"] !== undefined) {\n", " const bk_div = document.createElement(\"div\");\n", " bk_div.innerHTML = output.data[HTML_MIME_TYPE];\n", " const script_attrs = bk_div.children[0].attributes;\n", " for (let i = 0; i < script_attrs.length; i++) {\n", " toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.setAttribute(script_attrs[i].name, script_attrs[i].value);\n", " toinsert[toinsert.length - 1].firstChild.textContent = bk_div.children[0].textContent\n", " }\n", " // store reference to server id on output_area\n", " output_area._bokeh_server_id = output.metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE][\"server_id\"];\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " function register_renderer(events, OutputArea) {\n", "\n", " function append_mime(data, metadata, element) {\n", " // create a DOM node to render to\n", " const toinsert = this.create_output_subarea(\n", " metadata,\n", " CLASS_NAME,\n", " EXEC_MIME_TYPE\n", " );\n", " this.keyboard_manager.register_events(toinsert);\n", " // Render to node\n", " const props = {data: data, metadata: metadata[EXEC_MIME_TYPE]};\n", " render(props, toinsert[toinsert.length - 1]);\n", " element.append(toinsert);\n", " return toinsert\n", " }\n", "\n", " /* Handle when an output is cleared or removed */\n", " events.on('clear_output.CodeCell', handleClearOutput);\n", " events.on('delete.Cell', handleClearOutput);\n", "\n", " /* Handle when a new output is added */\n", " events.on('output_added.OutputArea', handleAddOutput);\n", "\n", " /**\n", " * Register the mime type and append_mime function with output_area\n", " */\n", " OutputArea.prototype.register_mime_type(EXEC_MIME_TYPE, append_mime, {\n", " /* Is output safe? */\n", " safe: true,\n", " /* Index of renderer in `output_area.display_order` */\n", " index: 0\n", " });\n", " }\n", "\n", " // register the mime type if in Jupyter Notebook environment and previously unregistered\n", " if (root.Jupyter !== undefined) {\n", " const events = require('base/js/events');\n", " const OutputArea = require('notebook/js/outputarea').OutputArea;\n", "\n", " if (OutputArea.prototype.mime_types().indexOf(EXEC_MIME_TYPE) == -1) {\n", " register_renderer(events, OutputArea);\n", " }\n", " }\n", " if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n", " root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n", " root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n", " }\n", "\n", " const NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n", " \"
\\n\"+\n", " \"

\\n\"+\n", " \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n", " \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n", " \"

\\n\"+\n", " \"\\n\"+\n", " \"\\n\"+\n", " \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n", " \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n", " \"\\n\"+\n", " \"
\"}};\n", "\n", " function display_loaded() {\n", " const el = document.getElementById(\"cd2dc942-0401-42e6-b68d-69f923df6f63\");\n", " if (el != null) {\n", " el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n", " }\n", " if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n", " if (el != null) {\n", " el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n", " }\n", " } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n", " setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " function run_callbacks() {\n", " try {\n", " root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n", " if (callback != null)\n", " callback();\n", " });\n", " } finally {\n", " delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n", " }\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n", " }\n", "\n", " function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n", " if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n", " if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n", "\n", " root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n", " if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n", " return null;\n", " }\n", " if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n", " run_callbacks();\n", " return null;\n", " }\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n", " root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n", "\n", " function on_load() {\n", " root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n", " if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n", " run_callbacks()\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " function on_error(url) {\n", " console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n", " }\n", "\n", " for (let i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n", " const url = css_urls[i];\n", " const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n", " element.onload = on_load;\n", " element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n", " element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n", " element.type = \"text/css\";\n", " element.href = url;\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n", " document.body.appendChild(element);\n", " }\n", "\n", " for (let i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n", " const url = js_urls[i];\n", " const element = document.createElement('script');\n", " element.onload = on_load;\n", " element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n", " element.async = false;\n", " element.src = url;\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n", " document.head.appendChild(element);\n", " }\n", " };\n", "\n", " function inject_raw_css(css) {\n", " const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n", " element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n", " document.body.appendChild(element);\n", " }\n", "\n", " const js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-mathjax-3.1.1.min.js\"];\n", " const css_urls = [];\n", "\n", " const inline_js = [ function(Bokeh) {\n", " Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n", " },\n", "function(Bokeh) {\n", " }\n", " ];\n", "\n", " function run_inline_js() {\n", " if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n", " for (let i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n", " inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n", " }\n", "if (force === true) {\n", " display_loaded();\n", " }} else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n", " setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n", " } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n", " console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n", " root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n", " } else if (force !== true) {\n", " const cell = $(document.getElementById(\"cd2dc942-0401-42e6-b68d-69f923df6f63\")).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n", " cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n", " run_inline_js();\n", " } else {\n", " load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n", " console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n", " run_inline_js();\n", " });\n", " }\n", "}(window));" ], "application/vnd.bokehjs_load.v0+json": "(function(root) {\n function now() {\n return new Date();\n }\n\n const force = true;\n\n if (typeof root._bokeh_onload_callbacks === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n root._bokeh_onload_callbacks = [];\n root._bokeh_is_loading = undefined;\n }\n\n\n if (typeof (root._bokeh_timeout) === \"undefined\" || force === true) {\n root._bokeh_timeout = Date.now() + 5000;\n root._bokeh_failed_load = false;\n }\n\n const NB_LOAD_WARNING = {'data': {'text/html':\n \"
\\n\"+\n \"

\\n\"+\n \"BokehJS does not appear to have successfully loaded. If loading BokehJS from CDN, this \\n\"+\n \"may be due to a slow or bad network connection. Possible fixes:\\n\"+\n \"

\\n\"+\n \"\\n\"+\n \"\\n\"+\n \"from bokeh.resources import INLINE\\n\"+\n \"output_notebook(resources=INLINE)\\n\"+\n \"\\n\"+\n \"
\"}};\n\n function display_loaded() {\n const el = document.getElementById(\"cd2dc942-0401-42e6-b68d-69f923df6f63\");\n if (el != null) {\n el.textContent = \"BokehJS is loading...\";\n }\n if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n if (el != null) {\n el.textContent = \"BokehJS \" + root.Bokeh.version + \" successfully loaded.\";\n }\n } else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n setTimeout(display_loaded, 100)\n }\n }\n\n function run_callbacks() {\n try {\n root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.forEach(function(callback) {\n if (callback != null)\n callback();\n });\n } finally {\n delete root._bokeh_onload_callbacks\n }\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: all callbacks have finished\");\n }\n\n function load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, callback) {\n if (css_urls == null) css_urls = [];\n if (js_urls == null) js_urls = [];\n\n root._bokeh_onload_callbacks.push(callback);\n if (root._bokeh_is_loading > 0) {\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS is being loaded, scheduling callback at\", now());\n return null;\n }\n if (js_urls == null || js_urls.length === 0) {\n run_callbacks();\n return null;\n }\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS not loaded, scheduling load and callback at\", now());\n root._bokeh_is_loading = css_urls.length + js_urls.length;\n\n function on_load() {\n root._bokeh_is_loading--;\n if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: all BokehJS libraries/stylesheets loaded\");\n run_callbacks()\n }\n }\n\n function on_error(url) {\n console.error(\"failed to load \" + url);\n }\n\n for (let i = 0; i < css_urls.length; i++) {\n const url = css_urls[i];\n const element = document.createElement(\"link\");\n element.onload = on_load;\n element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n element.rel = \"stylesheet\";\n element.type = \"text/css\";\n element.href = url;\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting link tag for BokehJS stylesheet: \", url);\n document.body.appendChild(element);\n }\n\n for (let i = 0; i < js_urls.length; i++) {\n const url = js_urls[i];\n const element = document.createElement('script');\n element.onload = on_load;\n element.onerror = on_error.bind(null, url);\n element.async = false;\n element.src = url;\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: injecting script tag for BokehJS library: \", url);\n document.head.appendChild(element);\n }\n };\n\n function inject_raw_css(css) {\n const element = document.createElement(\"style\");\n element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));\n document.body.appendChild(element);\n }\n\n const js_urls = [\"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-gl-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-widgets-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-tables-3.1.1.min.js\", \"https://cdn.bokeh.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-mathjax-3.1.1.min.js\"];\n const css_urls = [];\n\n const inline_js = [ function(Bokeh) {\n Bokeh.set_log_level(\"info\");\n },\nfunction(Bokeh) {\n }\n ];\n\n function run_inline_js() {\n if (root.Bokeh !== undefined || force === true) {\n for (let i = 0; i < inline_js.length; i++) {\n inline_js[i].call(root, root.Bokeh);\n }\nif (force === true) {\n display_loaded();\n }} else if (Date.now() < root._bokeh_timeout) {\n setTimeout(run_inline_js, 100);\n } else if (!root._bokeh_failed_load) {\n console.log(\"Bokeh: BokehJS failed to load within specified timeout.\");\n root._bokeh_failed_load = true;\n } else if (force !== true) {\n const cell = $(document.getElementById(\"cd2dc942-0401-42e6-b68d-69f923df6f63\")).parents('.cell').data().cell;\n cell.output_area.append_execute_result(NB_LOAD_WARNING)\n }\n }\n\n if (root._bokeh_is_loading === 0) {\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS loaded, going straight to plotting\");\n run_inline_js();\n } else {\n load_libs(css_urls, js_urls, function() {\n console.debug(\"Bokeh: BokehJS plotting callback run at\", now());\n run_inline_js();\n });\n }\n}(window));" }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/html": [ "\n", "
\n" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "application/javascript": [ "(function(root) {\n", " function embed_document(root) {\n", " const docs_json = {\"65983f37-b531-40ca-8747-f797493e2161\":{\"version\":\"3.1.1\",\"title\":\"Bokeh Application\",\"defs\":[],\"roots\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Figure\",\"id\":\"p1001\",\"attributes\":{\"width\":275,\"height\":250,\"x_range\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"DataRange1d\",\"id\":\"p1003\"},\"y_range\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"DataRange1d\",\"id\":\"p1002\"},\"x_scale\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"LinearScale\",\"id\":\"p1014\"},\"y_scale\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"LinearScale\",\"id\":\"p1016\"},\"title\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Title\",\"id\":\"p1004\"},\"renderers\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"GlyphRenderer\",\"id\":\"p1053\",\"attributes\":{\"data_source\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"ColumnDataSource\",\"id\":\"p1047\",\"attributes\":{\"selected\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Selection\",\"id\":\"p1048\",\"attributes\":{\"indices\":[],\"line_indices\":[]}},\"selection_policy\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"UnionRenderers\",\"id\":\"p1049\"},\"data\":{\"type\":\"map\",\"entries\":[[\"x\",{\"type\":\"ndarray\",\"array\":{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"data\":\"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\"},\"shape\":[200],\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\"}],[\"y\",{\"type\":\"ndarray\",\"array\":{\"type\":\"bytes\",\"data\":\"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\"},\"shape\":[200],\"dtype\":\"float64\",\"order\":\"little\"}]]}}},\"view\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"CDSView\",\"id\":\"p1054\",\"attributes\":{\"filter\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"AllIndices\",\"id\":\"p1055\"}}},\"glyph\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Line\",\"id\":\"p1050\",\"attributes\":{\"x\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"x\"},\"y\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"y\"},\"line_color\":\"red\",\"line_width\":3}},\"nonselection_glyph\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Line\",\"id\":\"p1051\",\"attributes\":{\"x\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"x\"},\"y\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"y\"},\"line_color\":\"red\",\"line_alpha\":0.1,\"line_width\":3}},\"muted_glyph\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Line\",\"id\":\"p1052\",\"attributes\":{\"x\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"x\"},\"y\":{\"type\":\"field\",\"field\":\"y\"},\"line_color\":\"red\",\"line_alpha\":0.2,\"line_width\":3}}}}],\"toolbar\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Toolbar\",\"id\":\"p1007\",\"attributes\":{\"tools\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"PanTool\",\"id\":\"p1032\"},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"WheelZoomTool\",\"id\":\"p1033\"},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BoxZoomTool\",\"id\":\"p1034\",\"attributes\":{\"overlay\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BoxAnnotation\",\"id\":\"p1035\",\"attributes\":{\"syncable\":false,\"level\":\"overlay\",\"visible\":false,\"left_units\":\"canvas\",\"right_units\":\"canvas\",\"bottom_units\":\"canvas\",\"top_units\":\"canvas\",\"line_color\":\"black\",\"line_alpha\":1.0,\"line_width\":2,\"line_dash\":[4,4],\"fill_color\":\"lightgrey\",\"fill_alpha\":0.5}}}},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"SaveTool\",\"id\":\"p1036\"},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"ResetTool\",\"id\":\"p1037\"},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"HelpTool\",\"id\":\"p1038\"}]}},\"left\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"LinearAxis\",\"id\":\"p1025\",\"attributes\":{\"ticker\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BasicTicker\",\"id\":\"p1028\",\"attributes\":{\"mantissas\":[1,2,5]}},\"formatter\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BasicTickFormatter\",\"id\":\"p1027\"},\"major_label_policy\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"AllLabels\",\"id\":\"p1026\"}}}],\"below\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"LinearAxis\",\"id\":\"p1018\",\"attributes\":{\"ticker\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BasicTicker\",\"id\":\"p1021\",\"attributes\":{\"mantissas\":[1,2,5]}},\"formatter\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"BasicTickFormatter\",\"id\":\"p1020\"},\"major_label_policy\":{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"AllLabels\",\"id\":\"p1019\"}}}],\"center\":[{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Grid\",\"id\":\"p1024\",\"attributes\":{\"axis\":{\"id\":\"p1018\"}}},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Grid\",\"id\":\"p1031\",\"attributes\":{\"dimension\":1,\"axis\":{\"id\":\"p1025\"}}},{\"type\":\"object\",\"name\":\"Label\",\"id\":\"p1056\",\"attributes\":{\"text\":\"bootcamp\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"x\":0,\"y\":0}}]}}],\"callbacks\":{\"type\":\"map\"}}};\n", " const render_items = [{\"docid\":\"65983f37-b531-40ca-8747-f797493e2161\",\"roots\":{\"p1001\":\"cb65d11f-0af8-4367-b35f-3341d48da2ee\"},\"root_ids\":[\"p1001\"]}];\n", " root.Bokeh.embed.embed_items_notebook(docs_json, render_items);\n", " }\n", " if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n", " embed_document(root);\n", " } else {\n", " let attempts = 0;\n", " const timer = setInterval(function(root) {\n", " if (root.Bokeh !== undefined) {\n", " clearInterval(timer);\n", " embed_document(root);\n", " } else {\n", " attempts++;\n", " if (attempts > 100) {\n", " clearInterval(timer);\n", " console.log(\"Bokeh: ERROR: Unable to run BokehJS code because BokehJS library is missing\");\n", " }\n", " }\n", " }, 10, root)\n", " }\n", "})(window);" ], "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": "" }, "metadata": { "application/vnd.bokehjs_exec.v0+json": { "id": "p1001" } }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "import bokeh.plotting\n", "import bokeh.io\n", "\n", "bokeh.io.output_notebook()\n", "\n", "# Generate plotting values\n", "t = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 200)\n", "x = 16 * np.sin(t) ** 3\n", "y = 13 * np.cos(t) - 5 * np.cos(2 * t) - 2 * np.cos(3 * t) - np.cos(4 * t)\n", "\n", "p = bokeh.plotting.figure(height=250, width=275)\n", "p.line(x, y, color=\"red\", line_width=3)\n", "text = bokeh.models.Label(x=0, y=0, text=\"bootcamp\", text_align=\"center\")\n", "p.add_layout(text)\n", "\n", "bokeh.io.show(p)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Shutting down JupyterLab\n", "\n", "It is important to shut down JupyterLab when you are done. Otherwise, you will have JupyterLab running in the background on your machine after you have closed the browser window. I have seen students with more than 20 instances of JupyterLab running on their machines!\n", "\n", "To shut down JupyterLab, click `File` ⟶ `Shut Down`. Note that this is the `File` menu within the JupyterLab tab of your browser, *not* the `File` menu for the browser itself." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Installation of the Arduino IDE\n", "\n", "In an auxiliary lesson (not covered during the bootcamp, but you can work through it yourself), we will use an Arduino Uno board as we learn to control external devices. To enable us to program and use the device, you should download and install the Arduino IDE, available here: https://www.arduino.cc/en/software. " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Computing environment" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Python implementation: CPython\n", "Python version : 3.11.3\n", "IPython version : 8.12.0\n", "\n", "numpy : 1.24.3\n", "bokeh : 3.1.1\n", "jupyterlab: 3.6.3\n", "\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%load_ext watermark\n", "%watermark -v -p numpy,bokeh,jupyterlab" ] } ], "metadata": { "anaconda-cloud": {}, "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.11.3" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 4 }